The most common form of sleep apnea is obstructive sleep apnea. To date, researchers and healthcare professionals have not come to a single conclusion about the exact cause of obstructive sleep apnea. The soft palate is the most affected region of obstruction for most of the individuals having obstructive sleep apnea. It occurs as a result of muscle relaxation to a certain degree when the air passage gets fully collapsed and turns out to be obstructed.
The Period of Interrupted Sleep
When the airway collapses and breathing stops, the person will wake up because the airway is obstructed. Being awake generally only happens for a few seconds and then the person goes back to sleep. This constant disruption stops the person from reaching a deep sleep known as REM or Rapid Eye Movement. This level is needed to help our bodies rejuvenate and defend against psychological and physical health conditions.
Possible Risk Factors
Being obese or overweight can be harmful for anyone. So also is obstructive sleep apnea. One of the main causes of obstructive sleep apnea is obesity. It generally happens because of the buildup of extra fat on the sides of the airway resulting in it becoming narrower, especially when the muscles relax. Age is another risk factor of obstructive sleep apnea because aging means reduced muscle mass.
Indications, Signs and Complications
The major signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea stem from disturbance in the normal sleep pattern. The recurrent arousal and inability to reach deep sleep may lead to daytime sleepiness, irritation, anxiety, changes in personality and behavior, memory impairment, depression and many others. In addition, it also contributes to drowsy drive syndrome, which results in an increasing risk for automobile accidents. Lack of oxygen supply puts serious threat over cardiovascular system and increases the risk of congestive heart failure and stroke.
Medical Treatments
There is a wide variety of treatment methods available to treat obstructive sleep apnea. The first attempt includes weight reduction. It can be followed by positive pressure therapy, positional therapy, surgical interventions and using oral appliances. The positive pressure therapy has three components, namely, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), bi-level positive airway pressure (BPAP) and autotitration. Positional therapy is based on the assumption that specific positioning may help the patient get out of the problem of snoring or shortness of breath.
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